?-Terpineol fumigation alleviates negative plant-soil feedbacks of Panax notoginseng via suppressing Ascomycota and enriching antagonistic bacteria

Abstract The accumulation of soil-borne pathogens is the main driving factor negative plant-soil feedbacks (NPSFs), which seriously restricts sustainable development agriculture. Using natural volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from plants or microorganisms as biofumigants an emerging strategy to alleviate NPSFs in environmentally-friendly way. Here, we identified ?-terpineol VOCs pine needles, confirmed ability fumigation alleviating NPSF Panax notoginseng via significantly reducing seed decay rate, and also deciphered underlying mechanism by soil microbial community modified. ?-Terpineol could suppress culturable fungi but enrich bacteria a dose-dependent manner. Network analysis with high-throughput sequencing data revealed that distinctly modify both fungal bacterial communities. In detail, suppressed relative abundance Ascomycota 64.04 32.26%, enriched Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria Actinobacteria. Subnetwork further demonstrated directly indirectly plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs). vitro co-culture experiments isolates validated these findings. antagonism between beneficial pathogens, synergistic growth promotion among ?-terpineol-enriched might be involved assembly. summary, NPSFs, especially suppressing enriching bacteria. This study suggests products are worth developing due their multiple functions modifying community.